He then competed in several European championships until moving up to the KF2 category. In 2012, he finished third in the WSK Euro Series and fourth in the CIK-FIA European KF2 Championship.
In 2013, he made his single-seater debut competing in the newly formed Formula Renault 2.0 Alps with the Prema Junior team. He won at Vallelunga, Imola, Monza and Mugello, securing three more podiums, and was selected by the Ferrari Driver Academy.
The following year Fuoco debuted in European Formula 3 with Prema Powerteam, finishing fifth in the standings with two wins at Silverstone and Spielberg and ten podiums in 33 races. In 2015, he made his debut in GP3 with Carlin Motorsport, with whom he twice mounted the podium. That year saw his debut in Formula 1 when he drove the Ferrari in the two days of testing following the Austrian Grand Prix.
In 2016, in GP3, he switched to the Trident team, finishing third in the championship and taking his first win. In 2017, Antonio moved up to Formula 2, returning to the Prema team, with GP3 champion Charles Leclerc as teammate. The Italian won at Monza in front of the Ferrari fans. Fuoco was victorious at Monaco and Abu Dhabi with the Charouz Racing System the following year.
In early 2019, he left the FDA programme but was promoted to Scuderia Ferrari test driver while continuing to support the Academy. At the same time, he competed in GT, winning the Italian Pro-Am class title with AF Corse’s 488 GT3 and Singaporean driver Sean Hudspeth.
In 2020, he stayed with the simulator team and drove for the Scuderia at the end-of-season tests in Abu Dhabi. He also competed in the Italian GT championship scoring two victories and the Italian Endurance title at the wheel of the AF Corse team’s Ferrari 488 GT3 with fellow countrymen Giorgio Roda and Alessio Rovera.
In 2021 he continued with the Scuderia, also in 2022, driving on the simulator and in a test on the Imola circuit in August. He also stayed with the Ferrari Driver Academy, increasing his involvement in GT racing and making his debut in the FIA WEC World Endurance Championship in the Cetilar Racing 488 GTE. He then went on to win the LMGTE Am class in the 8 Hours of Portimão, and had a season in the GT World Challenge Europe and Intercontinental GT Challenge at the wheel of the Iron Lynx and AF Corse 488 GT3 Evo 2020.
In 2022, Fuoco raced in the FIA World Endurance Championship at the wheel of an AF Corse 488 GTE in the LMGTE Pro class, finishing third with one win at the 8 Hours of Bahrain. He also raced in the American IMSA series with Cetilar Racing, as well as the GT World Challenge Europe, taking a win here too in the colours of Iron Lynx. In 2023, while also continuing as a Development Driver for Scuderia Ferrari, he also raced the Ferrari AF Corse Hypercar number 50 in WEC, finishing the year third, with three podium finishes to his name: second in the Monza 6 Hours and Portimao 6 Hours and third in the Sebring 1000 Miles. He also took pole position in the 499P at the Le Mans 24 Hours. For 2024, he continues racing in WEC in the 499P and as F1 Development Driver.